Managua is home to many types of museums, some art museums include the Julio Cortzar Museum and the Archivo Flmico de la Cinemateca Nacional. 22 interesting facts about Nicaragua - The Facts Institute Managua features many bars, nightclubs, casinos, theaters and cinemas. [67], Most bus coaches in Managua are fabricated by DINA S.A. and Mercedes-Benz. The INCAE Business School (Spanish: Instituto Centroamericano de Administracin de Empresas, INCAE) is a private business school. Nicaragua is located in Central America, sharing a border with Honduras and Costa Rica. Today, it houses the National Archive, the National Library, as well as the National Museum which is open to the public. 36(4):289300. ), total: 290,351 (2020 est. Aquellos )other: 32.5% (2018 est. (2005) 908,892; (2016 est.) University level institutions account for 6% of the 18 percent. Today roughly 300,000 Nicaraguans are permanent residents of Costa Rica - about 75% of the foreign population - and thousands more migrate seasonally for work, many illegally. A bitter rivalry over which city should hold the honor of being Nicaragua's capital eventually led to compromise: the founding of Managua in 1852. Managua is the home of most national broadcasting television channels as well as the major national newspapers. Residences, government buildings and entire avenues were demolished. The baseball league has 34 teams. To make matters worse, a series of natural disasters, including Hurricane Mitch in 1998, made economic recovery more difficult. Nicaragua | Geography, History, & Facts | Britannica It competes extensively with its counterpart, TicaBus, a Costa Rican bus company. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Managua's prime location between the Northern Pan-American highway and the Southern Highway make it an ideal hub for local, national and international buses. The Nicaraguan Revolution: History and Impact - ThoughtCo In addition there are two bus routes that formerly connected to outside parts of Managua, but these became now are part of the city (Esquipulas and Los Vanegas). )$754.1 million (2019 est. The Polytechnic University of Nicaragua (UPOLI) (Spanish: Universidad Politcnica de Nicaragua) is a university located in Managua, Nicaragua. Managua's most famous festival is that of its patron saint Santo Domingo de Guzmn. It is also the largest city in Nicaragua. Click here to get an answer to your question What is the population in Managua? )government consumption: 15.3% (2017 est. ), $11.674 billion (2019 est. Based on weather reports collected during 1985-2015. Managua boasts a vibrant night life. 16 Nov. 2009. The city is only 163 feet (50 metres) above sea level and is one of Central Americas warmest capitals. )transmission/distribution losses: 1.89 billion kWh (2019 est. )31.2% of GDP (2016 est. The country's railroads fell into disrepair during the 1980s. Adjetivos demostrativos: This, these, that, and those. Also on the crater lip of Tiscapa is the Mazmorras, a prison where current President Daniel Ortega and many other political prisoners were tortured during the Somoza regime. 11/05/2011, Last edited on 22 February 2023, at 02:02, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Institute of History of Nicaragua and Central America, Liga Centroamericana de clubes de baloncesto, Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, "Managua en el Tiempo: La "Novia del Xolotln", "Resurge el centro de Managua en busca de su antiguo esplendor", Proyecto NIC10-59044: Promocin de un Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible para Managua Metropolitana, "Deadly history of earthquakes: 23 December 1972", ENACAL - Ms Aguas y Saneamientos 2007-2010, "Topic 4: Megaproject to Clean up Lake Managua Begins", Nicaragua inaugurates $86 million treatment plan to clean up Lake Managua, "Klimatafel von Managua (Int. Located on Lake Managua's south western shores is, Managua - the capital, the largest and the most populated city of Nicaragua. Buses are the most economical way to get around the city and thus contributes to high numbers of ridership. Managua's 2023 population is now estimated at 1,291,800. ), conventional long form: Republic of Nicaraguaconventional short form: Nicaragualocal long form: Republica de Nicaragualocal short form: Nicaraguaetymology: Nicarao was the name of the largest indigenous settlement at the time of Spanish arrival; conquistador Gil GONZALEZ Davila, who explored the area (1622-23), combined the name of the community with the Spanish word "agua" (water), referring to the two large lakes in the west of the country (Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua), name: Managuageographic coordinates: 12 08 N, 86 15 Wtime difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: may derive from the indigenous Nahuatl term "mana-ahuac," which translates as "adjacent to the water" or a site "surrounded by water"; the city is situated on the southwestern shore of Lake Managua, 15 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 2 autonomous regions* (regiones autonomistas, singular - region autonoma); Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales, Costa Caribe Norte*, Costa Caribe Sur*, Esteli, Granada, Jinotega, Leon, Madriz, Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Rio San Juan, Rivas, history: several previous; latest adopted 19 November 1986, effective 9 January 1987amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or assent of at least half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires approval by 60% of the membership of the next elected Assembly and promulgation by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2021, civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: no, except in cases where bilateral agreements existresidency requirement for naturalization: 4 years, chief of state: President Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (since 10 January 2007); Vice President Rosario MURILLO Zambrana (since 10 January 2017); note - the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (since 10 January 2007); Vice President Rosario MURILLO Zambrana (since 10 January 2017)cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified plurality vote for a 5-year term (no term limits as of 2014); election last held on 7 November 2021 (next to be held on 1 November 2026)election results: 2021: Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra reelected president for a fourth consecutive term; percent of vote - Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (FSLN) 75.9%, Walter ESPINOZA (PLC) 14.3%, Guillermo OSORNO (CCN) 3.3%, Marcelo MONTIEL (ALN) 3.1%, other 3.4%2016: Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra reelected president for a third consecutive term; percent of vote - Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (FSLN) 72.4%, Maximino RODRIGUEZ (PLC) 15%, Jose del Carmen ALVARADO (PLI) 4.5%, Saturnino CERRATO Hodgson (ALN) 4.3%, other 3.7%, description: unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (92 statutory seats, current 91; 70 members in multi-seat constituencies, representing the country's 15 departments and 2 autonomous regions, and 20 members in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote; up to 2 seats reserved for the previous president and the runner-up candidate in the previous presidential election; members serve 5-year terms)elections: last held on 7 November 2021 (next to be held on 1 November 2026)election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FSLN 75, PLC 10, ALN 2, APRE 1, PLI 2, YATAMA 1; composition - men 45, women 46, percent of women 50.6%, highest court(s): Supreme Court or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 16 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and constitutional chambers)judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly to serve 5-year staggered termssubordinate courts: Appeals Court; first instance civil, criminal, and labor courts; military courts are independent of the Supreme Court, Alliance for the Republic or APRE [Carlos CANALES]Alternative for Change or AC (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Orlando Jose TARDENCILLA]Autonomous Liberal Party or PAL [Rene Margarito BELLO ROMERO]Caribbean Unity Movement or PAMUC [Armando Francisco ARISTA FLORES]Christian Unity Party or PUC (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Guillermo Daniel ORTEGA REYES]Citizens for Liberty or CxL [Carmella ROGERS AUMBURN]; note - barred from participating in the presidential election by the Supreme Electoral Council on 6 August 2021Conservative Party or PC [Alfredo CESAR Aguirre]Democratic Restoration Party or PRD [Saturnino CERRATO]; note - canceled by the Supreme Electoral Council on 18 May 2021Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Mario ASENSIO]Liberal Constitutionalist Party or PLC [Maria Haydee OSUNA]Moskitia Indigenous Progressive Movement or MOSKITIA PAWANKA (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Wycliff Diego BLANDON]Multiethnic Indigenous Party or PIM (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Carla Elvis WHITE HODGSON]Nationalist Liberal Party or PLN (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Constantino Raul VELASQUEZ]Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance or ALN [Alejandro MEJIA Ferreti]Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path or CCN [Guillermo OSORNO]Nicaraguan Resistance Party or PRN (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Julio Cesar BLANDON SANCHEZ]Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [Suyen BARAHONA Cuan]; note - canceled by the Supreme Electoral Council on 21 June 2008; in January 2021, they rebranded and now call themselves Democratic Renovation Union or UNAMOSSons of Mother Earth or YATAMA [Brooklyn RIVERA]The New Sons of Mother Earth Movement or MYATAMARAN (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Osorno Salomon COLEMAN], BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Francisco Obadiah CAMPBELL Hooker (since 28 June 2010)chancery: 1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009telephone: [1] (202) 939-6570; [1] (202) 939-6573FAX: [1] (202) 939-6545consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, chief of mission: Ambassador Kevin K. SULLIVAN (since 14 November 2018)embassy: Kilometer 5.5 Carretera Sur, Managuamailing address: 3240 Managua Place, Washington DC 20521-3240telephone: [505] 2252-7100,FAX: [505] 2252-7250email address and website: ACS.Managua@state.govhttps://ni.usembassy.gov/, three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; the banner is based on the former blue-white-blue flag of the Federal Republic of Central America; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, while the white band represents the land between the two bodies of waternote: similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band, turquoise-browed motmot (bird); national colors: blue, white, name: "Salve a ti, Nicaragua" (Hail to Thee, Nicaragua)lyrics/music: Salomon Ibarra MAYORGA/traditional, arranged by Luis Abraham DELGADILLOnote: although only officially adopted in 1971, the music was approved in 1918 and the lyrics in 1939; the tune, originally from Spain, was used as an anthem for Nicaragua from the 1830s until 1876, total World Heritage Sites: 2 (both cultural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Ruins of Len Viejo; Len Cathedral, low-income Central American economy; until 2018, nearly 20 years of sustained GDP growth; recent struggles due to COVID-19, political instability, and hurricanes; significant remittances; increasing poverty and food scarcity since 2005; sanctions limit investment, $38.628 billion (2021 est. )from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. [52] The monument was proposed by Ernesto Cardenal and is protected by the Nicaraguan military. )permanent crops: 2.5% (2018 est. Nicaragua - Country Profile - Republica de Nicaragua For more than 50years, the National Palace housed the Congress. [7] Residents of the city are called managuas, managenses, or capitalinos. Managua's ability to cope with the disaster was also limited. Many of these individuals live in the country's cities and urban areas. Group of answer choices in 2017). Managua | History, Landmarks, Economy, & Facts | Britannica )refined petroleum consumption: 35,100 bbl/day (2019 est. It is also the administrative, commercial, educational and economic hub of the country. INCAE was founded in 1964 with the support of the United States government and other Central American countries. The city, with a population exceeding one million inhabitants, houses many large national and international businesses. ), $5,600 (2021 est. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29, 198 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. The team reached the Final Four at the 2016 Liga Centroamericana de clubes de baloncesto. [12] Managua had become Central America's most developed city. A disastrous earthquake in 1931 and large fire in 1936[11] destroyed much of the city. The city has railroad and highway connections with the Pacific port of Corinto and with the cities of Len and Granada. The Nicaraguan Revolution of 1979 to overthrow the Somoza regime and the 11-year-long Contra War of the 1980s further devastated the city and its economy. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. [6] The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department. It remains here for ten days until the morning of August 10, when the "Subida del Santo" (walking up of the saint) returns the statue to Las Sierritas Church where it remains for the rest of the year. It may have originated from the term Mana-ahuac, which in the Nahuatl language translates to "adjacent to the water" or site "surrounded by water". In Managua there are two golf courses, the better-known of which is Nejapa Golf & Country Club. The most populous city in the country is the capital city, Managua, with a population of 1.2 million (2005). )$35.007 billion (2020 est. Several new hotels including Crowne Plaza, Best Western, InterContinental, Holiday Inn, and Hilton currently have facilities in Managua. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Managua is home to the basketball team Costa Caribe. me The population reached 937,489 in 2005, with more than 1.2 million people in the metropolitan area, representing one-fourth of the total population of Nicaragua. More than 300,000 Nicaraguans returned from abroad bringing their expertise and needed capital. The Santo Domingo de Guzmn Museum is an anthropology museum. [33] Multinational companies such as Wal-Mart, Telefonica, Union Fenosa, and Parmalat have offices and operations in Managua. CountryReports 1997 - 2023 - All Rights Reserved. Since 2001, the Sandinista National Liberation Front has held a majority on the city council. Nicaragua's population is 69% Mestizo, 17% white, 5% Amerindian and 9% black and other races, although its demographics change with migration. Nicaragua is comparatively low at an average elevation of 298 meters above sea level. 0-14 years: 24.16% (male 784,847/female 751,616)15-64 years: 69.36% (male 2,134,871/female 2,276,522)65 years and over: 6.48% (2023 est.) )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 90 (2020 est. Cheap Flights from Managua to New York from $212 | (MGA - NYC) - KAYAK To add insult to injury, corruption within the Somoza regime which allocated part of the relief funds hindered the reconstruction of the city's center which remains somewhat isolated from the rest of the capital. If you want to learn more about Managua, you can visit the following link: brainly.com/question/10237353?referrer=searchResults, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Managua, city, capital of Nicaragua, lying amid small crater lakes on the southern shore of Lake Managua. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, more commonly referred to as the New Cathedral, was designed by architect Ricardo Legorreta and inaugurated in 1993. This is a list of the largest cities in Nicaragua by population. )5.38% (2019 est.). Quality of life in Managua, Nicaragua - Teleport Cities Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. The Nicaraguan capital has had an ascending population clearly registered in the censuses since 1971, with an initial population of 384,904 for that year, which has increased to 908,892 for the year 2005 . It gained its current prominence primarily because of its position . )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2020 est. )proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est. 3.1 million C. 3 million D. 1.3 million )industrial: 73.6 million cubic meters (2017 est. Managua, the largest city in the country, is also its centre of commerce and culture. [citation needed] The cathedral survived the 1931 earthquake, but was heavily damaged during the 1972 earthquake, which eventually led to the construction of a new cathedral located in another part of Managua. Democratic institutions have weakened under the ORTEGA regime as the president has garnered full control over all branches of government, especially after cracking down on a nationwide pro-democracy protest movement in 2018. If you use our chart images on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. )$35.645 billion (2019 est. Out of the country's one hundred and forty airports, it is the only one with the appropriate infrastructure and capacity to handle international flights. )permanent pasture: 27.2% (2018 est. Leading up to the lagoon is Calle del Comercio (Commerce Street), which leads to the Monumento al Liberalismo (Monument to Liberalism), built in the late 1930s by the Liberal party in honor of President Anastasio Somoza Garca. The Augusto C. Sandino International Airport (formerly Managua International Airport) is the largest and only international airport in Nicaragua. Under the rule of Anastasio Somoza Garca and his family (19361979), the city was rebuilt and began to grow rapidly. )consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Located on Lake Managua's southwestern shores, Managua is the capital and the most populated city in Nicaragua. All of these highways are in good condition, with little traffic congestion. Nicaragua's total fertility rate has fallen from around 6 children per woman in 1980 to below replacement level today, but the high birth rate among adolescents perpetuates a cycle of poverty and low educational attainment. note: data are in current year dollars$5.939 billion (2020 est.) Nicaraguan men have been migrating seasonally to Costa Rica to harvest bananas and coffee since the early 20th century. [citation needed] These are regulated by the city's regulatory entity for municipal transports (IRTRAMMA) and individually operated by cooperatives and private companies. Managua has grown by 17,811 in the last year, which represents a 1.40% annual change. Pop. Another festival taking place since 2003 is the Alegria por la Vida (Happiness for Life) Carnaval is celebrated in Managua at the beginning of the month of March. Nightclubs and bars are abound in Managua, particularly, in the popular areas called "Zona Viva" located in the shopping mall "Galeras Santo Domingo", as well as very close by "Plaza Mi Viejo Santo Domingo" and "Plaza Familiar". 5 million B. Updates? Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. les, brainly.com/question/10237353?referrer=searchResults. All of Nicaragua's main roads lead to Managua, and there are good public transportation connections to and from the capital. )methane emissions: 6.46 megatons (2020 est. )$5,200 (2020 est. )crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est. MAJESTIC TURKEY BY CULTURE TRIP ms que )3.68% (2020 est. Surviving fire squadrons and ambulance companies were not able to handle the skyrocketing demand for their services. Spanish (official) 95.3%, Miskito 2.2%, Mestizo of the Caribbean coast 2%, other 0.5%; note - English and indigenous languages found on the Caribbean coast (2005 est. The two airlines most popular with KAYAK users for flights from Managua to New York are Avianca and Copa Airlines. Capital Cities Of Central America - WorldAtlas )$5,300 (2019 est. ), $6.617 billion (2021 est.) El Nuevo Diario. [citation needed], Managua is home to the annual Miss Nicaragua pageant; it is the national beauty pageant of Nicaragua. Several earthquakes have affected the city's growth, especially the 1931 earthquake and the 1972 earthquake, but the city has been rebuilt several times. In addition to the footprints, the museum also displays artifacts found in other localities around the country. However, with support of the FIFA, the first national soccer stadium in Managua is under construction.[46]. [54] The St. James' Cathedral became the first cathedral in the Western Hemisphere to be built entirely of concrete on a metal frame. The importance of sugarcane, rice, sorghum, cattle, and horses is decreasing. Throughout the Spanish colonial period, Managua was recognized only as an Indian town, outranked by the relatively nearby Spanish cities of Len and Granada. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. In 197879 it was the scene of general strikes against the government of Anastasio Somoza Debayle and of heavy fighting, particularly in the slum areas held by Sandinista rebels. Coffee and cotton are the principal crops grown in the agricultural hinterland. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 7, total: 122,438 to 3,047 m: 31,524 to 2,437 m: 2914 to 1,523 m: 3under 914 m: 4 (2021), total: 1351,524 to 2,437 m: 1914 to 1,523 m: 15under 914 m: 119 (2021), total: 23,897 km (2014)paved: 3,346 km (2014)unpaved: 20,551 km (2014), 2,220 km (2011) (navigable waterways as well as the use of the large Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua; rivers serve only the sparsely populated eastern part of the country), total: 5by type: general cargo 1, oil tanker 1, other 3 (2021), Army of Nicaragua (Ejercito de Nicaragua, EN): Land Forces (Fuerza Terrestre); Naval Forces (Fuerza Naval); Air Forces (Fuerza Area); Special Operations Command (Comando de Operaciones Especiales); Nicaraguan National Police (2022)note: both the military and the police report directly to the president, 0.6% of GDP (2021 est. ), urban population: 59.8% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Britain occupied the Caribbean Coast in the first half of the 19th century, but gradually ceded control of the region in subsequent decades. [13] Infrastructure was severely damaged and rehabilitation or restoration of buildings was nearly impossible. Coffee and cotton are the principal crops grown in the agricultural hinterland. At the time, Managua's limited resources had to be directed to other disaster relief purposes. Only five lesser-known presidential candidates of mostly small parties allied to ORTEGA's Sandinistas were allowed to run against ORTEGA in the November 2021 election. ), improved: urban: 97.5% of populationrural: 62.6% of populationtotal: 83.2% of populationunimproved: urban: 2.5% of populationrural: 37.4% of populationtotal: 16.8% of population (2020 est. As of 2005, over 4.4 million inhabitants live in the Pacific, Central and North regions. Are Nicaraguans white or black? Roman Catholic 50%, Evangelical 33.2%, other 2.9%, none 0.7%, unspecified 13.2% (2017 est.). Much of Managua was rebuilt after 1931, when it was ravaged by earthquake and fire. A third road, under construction, will connect Bluefields, South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region with Managua via Nueva Guinea. Restaurants and stores line the walls of the lagoon. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. 1. This is Managua's moment and here are the best things to see and do in the city. Managua (Spanish pronunciation:[manawa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America. Download Historical Data Save as Image From: To: Zoom: Visiting Managua, The Capital of Nicaragua. It was commissioned by President Juan Bautista Sacasa in 1935 and built by architect Pablo Dambach, who also built the St. James Cathedral. )0.6% of GDP (2019) (approximately $170 million)0.6% of GDP (2018) (approximately $180 million)0.6% of GDP (2017) (approximately $190 million), approximately 12,000 active personnel (10,000 Army; 800 Navy; 1,200 Air Force) (2022), the Nicaraguan military's inventory includes mostly secondhand Russian/Soviet-era equipment; in recent years, Russia has been the leading arms supplier to Nicaragua (2022), 18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; tour of duty 18-36 months; requires Nicaraguan nationality and 6th-grade education (2022), the modern Army of Nicaragua was created in 1979 as the Sandinista Popular Army (1979-1984); prior to 1979, the military was known as the National Guard, which was organized and trained by the US in the 1920s and 1930s; the first commander of the National Guard, Anastasio SOMOZA GARCIA, seized power in 1937 and ran the country as a military dictator until his assassination in 1956; his sons ran the country either directly or through figureheads until the Sandinistas came to power in 1979; the defeated National Guard was disbanded by the Sandinistas (2022), Nicaragua-El Salvador-Honduras: the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca, which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; the court ruled, rather, that the Gulf ofFonsecarepresents a condominium, with control being shared by El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua; the decision allowed for the possibility that the three nations could divide the waters at a later date if they wished to do so, Nicaragua-Costa Rica: Nicaragua and Costa Rica regularly file border dispute cases with the ICJ over the delimitations of the San Juan River and the northern tip of Calero Island, virtually uninhabited areas claimed by both countries; there is an ongoing case in the ICJ to determine Pacific and Atlantic ocean maritime borders as well as land borders; in 2009, the ICJ ruled that Costa Rican vessels carrying out police activities could not use the river, but official Costa Rican vessels providing essential services to riverside inhabitants and Costa Rican tourists could travel freely on the river; in 2011, the ICJ provisionally ruled that both countries must remove personnel from the disputed area; in 2013, the ICJ rejected Nicaragua's 2012 suit to halt Costa Rica's construction of a highway paralleling the river on the grounds of irreparable environmental damage; in 2013, the ICJ, regarding the disputed territory, ordered that Nicaragua should refrain from dredging or canal construction and refill and repair damage caused by trenches connecting the river to the Caribbean and upheld its 2010 ruling that Nicaragua must remove all personnel; in early 2014, Costa Rica brought Nicaragua to the ICJ over offshore oil concessions in the disputed region; in 2018, the ICJ ruled that Nicaragua must remove a military base from a contested coastal area near the San Juan River, and that Costa Rica had sovereignty over the northern part of Isla Portillos, including the coast, but excluding Harbour Head Lagoon; additionally, Honduras was required to pay reparations for environmental damage to part of the wetlands at the mouth of the San Juan River, Nicaragua-Colombia: Nicaragua filed a case with the International Court of Justice (ICJ) against Colombia in 2013 over the delimitation of the Continental shelf beyond the 200 nautical miles from the Nicaraguan coast, as well as over the alleged violation by Colombia of Nicaraguan maritime space in the Caribbean Sea, which contains rich oil and fish resources; as of September 2021, Colombia refuses to abide by the ICJ ruling, tier rating: Tier 3 Nicaragua does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so and was downgraded to Tier 3; the government identified slightly more victims than in the previous reporting period and prosecuted a trafficker; however, no traffickers were convicted and victim identification remained inadequate; authorities did not investigate, prosecute, or convict government employees complicit in trafficking; the government provided no victim services; prosecution, protection, and prevention efforts in the two Caribbean autonomous regions of Nicaragua continued to be much weaker than in the rest of the country (2020)trafficking profile: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Nicaragua and Nicaraguans abroad; women, children, and migrants are most at risk; women and children are subject to sex trafficking within the country and its two Caribbean autonomous regions, as well as in other Central American countries, Mexico, Spain, and the United States; traffickers used social media to recruit victims with promises of high-paying jobs in restaurants, hotels, construction, and security outside of Nicaragua where they are subjected to sex or labor trafficking; traffickers exploit children through forced participation in illegal drug production and trafficking; children and persons with disabilities are subjected to forced begging; Nicaragua is also a destination for child sex tourists from the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, a transit route for drug traffickers smuggling cocaine from South America through Mexico into the United States via maritime and air routes, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI).
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